Development of framework for aluminum recycling management using Analytical Hierarchy Process

This research focuses on the establishment of a new framework an efficient used aluminum cans management system in the context of sustainable development based on Melaka situations. The Analytical Hierarchy Process (ARP) a multi-criteria decision malting analys is was evaluated using a quantitative data generated from survey on solid waste management company in Melaka (SWM Environment Sdn Bhd and Tzu chi Foundation). Quantitative weightings from the AHP were used to identify alternative systems that have similar outcomes in meeting the aluminum cans management objective were evaluated based on multiple criteria comprising technology, economics, quality, environment and management which were used to validate the appropriateness of the three aluminum cans management models which are recycling model, reuse and disposal model that were used. The result showed that reuse model (37.0 %) and recycling model (37.0 %) ranked first and lastly disposal model (26.0 %). The present research finding can be used to optimize aluminum cans management practices in Melaka with respect to the criteria that were evaluated

The causal relationship between trade openness and economic growth of Algeria in the period 1990-2018 using causality Toda Yamamoto (TYDL)

هدفت الدراسة الى اختبار العلاقة السببية طويلة الأجل بين الانفتاح التجاري والنمو الاقتصادي باستخدام منهجية (TYDL) لحالة الجزائر خلال الفترة 1990-2018، ولتحقيق هذه الهدف تم الحصول على بيانات سنوية لكل من متغير الانفتاح التجاري (Open) ومتغير النمو الاقتصادي (Cro)، وباتباع خطوات منهجية (TYDL) والتي تعتمد بالأساس على اختبار والد الموسع  (MWALD)توصلت الدراسة إلى وجود علاقة سببية في اتجاه واحد فقط  تتجه من الانفتاح التجاري نحو النمو الاقتصادي وغياب العلاقة السببية في الاتجاه المعاكس، من جهة أخرى خلصت الدراسة إلى أن النمو الاقتصادي للجزائر لا يستفيد كثيرا من الانفتاح التجاري في ظل وحدوية التصدير.The study aimed to test the long-term causal relationship between trade openness and economic growth using the TYDL methodology for the case of Algeria during the period 1990-2018, and to achieve this goal annual data were obtained for both the open trade (Open) variable and the economic growth variable (Cro), and by following Methodological steps (TYDL), which mainly depend on the test of the WALD of the enlarged (MWALD). The study found that there is a causal relationship in one direction only from the trade openness towards economic growth and the absence of the causal relationship in the opposite direction. On the other hand, the study concluded that the economic growth of Algeria does not it benefits greatly from trade openness in light of the unitary export

Analysis of microstructure and mechanical properties of bismuth-doped SAC305 lead-free solder alloy at high temperature

SAC305 lead-free solder alloy is widely used in the electronic industry. However, the problems associated with the growth formation of intermetallic compounds need further research, especially at high temperatures. This study investigates the doping of Bismuth into SAC305 in the various compositions of 1, 2, and 3 wt.%. The microstructure in terms of intermetallic compound particles and mechanical properties was examined after thermal aging at temperatures of 100 °C and 200 °C for 60 h. The microstructure examination was observed using scanning electron microscopy, and the chemical composition of each alloy was confirmed with an energy dispersive X-ray. Tensile tests were performed to find the mechanical properties such as yield strength and ultimate tensile strength. The intermetallic compound’s phase analysis was identified using X-ray diffraction, and differential scanning calorimetry was done to study the temperature curves for melting points. Results showed that the addition of Bismuth refined the microstructure by suppressing the growth of intermetallic compounds, which subsequently improved the mechanical properties. The thermal aging made the microstructure coarsen and degraded the mechanical properties. However, the most improved performance was observed with a Bismuth addition of 3 wt.% into SAC305. Furthermore, a decrease in the melting temperature was observed, especially at Bismuth compositions of 3 wt.%

Desempenho do crescimento de cabritos Arbia sob sistema intensivo em Setif, Argélia

The growth of 81 indigenous Arbia goat kids reared in an intensive system in Setif in northeastern Algeria was observed between birth and 70 days of age. The kids were dam-raised during the first month and then provided with 150 g/head/day of a total mixed ration and oat hay. The kids’ live weights were assessed at fasting and at different ages: 0, 10, 21, 30, 42, 60, and 70 days. The average daily gains (ADG) were also calculated. Growth results were presented for all kids by sex and litter size. The average birth weight was W0 = 2.53±0.19 kg, while the average weight at 70 days was W70 = 10.1±1.54 kg, which correspond to an overall daily weight gain of ADG0-70 = 108±21 g/day. The study showed that birth weight was affected by litter size, while growth after birth was mainly affected by sex. Birth weights were similar between males and females, but males grew faster (p<0.001) after birth. Single kids were heavier (p<0.05) than twins at 70 days of age, which is the consequence of a heavier birth weight and a faster growth rate in the first 10 days after birth (ADG0-10). After 10 days, litter size did not affect ADG. Compared to other indigenous populations, Arbia goat kids demonstrated valuable growth potential for meat production.O crescimento de cabritos indígenas da Arbia criados sob um sistema de alto insumo foi investigado em 81 cabritos desde o nascimento até os 70 dias de idade na região de Setif, no nordeste da Argélia. A alimentação foi baseada no leite da mãe durante o primeiro mês de idade; em seguida, foram fornecidos 150 g/cabeça/dia de uma ração mista total e feno de aveia. O peso vivo dos cabritos foi medido em jejum em diferentes idades: 0, 10 21, 30, 42, 60 e 70 dias, respectivamente. Também foram calculados os ganhos médios diários (GMD). Os resultados de desempenho de crescimento foram expressos para todos os cabritos, por sexo e tamanho da ninhada. O peso médio ao nascer foi P0 = 2,53 ± 0,19 kg, enquanto o peso médio aos 70 dias foi P70 = 10,1 ± 1,54 kg, o que corresponde a um ganho de peso diário global GMD0-70 = 108 ± 21 g/dia. O estudo mostrou que o peso ao nascer foi afetado pelo tamanho da ninhada, enquanto o crescimento após o nascimento foi afetado principalmente pelo sexo. De fato, o peso ao nascer foi semelhante entre machos e fêmeas, mas após o nascimento os machos crescem mais rapidamente (p<0,001). Os animais nascidos de partos simples eram mais pesados ​​(p<0,05) do que de partos gemelares aos 70 dias de idade, consequência do peso maior ao nascer e de uma taxa de crescimento mais rápida até os 10 dias de idade (GMD0-10). A partir de 10 dias, o tamanho da ninhada não afetou o GMD. O desempenho dos cabritos da Arbia mostrou um potencial de crescimento valioso para a produção de carne quando comparado a outras populações de cabras indígenas

Phytochemical characterization, antioxidant and antibacterial activity of Salvia officinalis (L.) extracts from the Tiaret region

This work aims the valorization of a medicinal plant known by its traditional use, Salvia officinalis L. (Lamiaceae), by phytochemical characterization and evaluation of the antioxidant and antibacterial activity of their extracts. The antioxidant activity was assessed by the DPPH method and the antibacterial potential was determined by the diffusion method. The quantitative determination revealed that the ethanolic extract has a content of 8.04% for polyphenolic content and 17.4 % for flavonoids. The DPPH radical scavenging activity of S. officinalis showed that the ethanolic extract of S. officinalis presented the higher antiradical effect manifested with IC50 of 0.106±0.001 mg/ml. In addition, the antibacterial activity showed the strong capacity of S. officinalis methanolic extract to inhibit B. subtilis, M. luteus, E. coli and S. aureus with a diameter inhibition zone of 27.06±1.49; 15.43±2.23; 11.6±0.52 and 11.5±2.17 mm respectively. While the activity of the ethanolic extract was 26.62±2.97 mm against B. subtilis, 16.51±2.36 mm against M. luteus, 13.62±0.55 mm for S. aureus, P. aeruginosa (12.30±1.59 mm). The macrodilution method (MIC) showed a range of 625 to >5000 µg/ml. The study of the antioxidant and antibacterial activity of extracts of S. officinalis suggested that this plant represented a natural source of bioactive molecules with very important biological activities. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.512932

Chemical composition and anti-arthritic activity of Anacyclus valentinus extract on adjuvant-induced arthritis in rats

Anacyclus valentinus L. is a common annual plant in Algeria, known for her various therapeutic effects. In addition, the plant is used as a food condiment. We reported our investigations on the chemical compositions and the antiarthritic activity of methanolic extract of A. valentinus (MEAV). The polyphenol extraction by maceration with methanol (80%) gave yields of 17.82%. The identification by LC-MS and colorimetric assays revealed the wealth of methanolic extracts on phenolic compounds including flavonoids (52.15 mg Equ/g) and lactones. Acute oral toxicity of extract was performed in line with OECD guidelines and the lethal dose 50 was assessed greater than 2500 mg/Kg. Regarding the anti-arthritic power, rheumatoid arthritis was induced by Freund\u27s adjuvant in rats. The methanolic extract of A. valentinus presented a largest effect with weight gain, an arthritic score, thymus indices; spleen and serum parameters close to those of the control. The extract also inhibited edema and restored cartilage structure

نشأة علم القراءات في نيجيريا = The emergence of science of Qur’anic readings in Nigeria

إن علم قراءات القرآن الكريم من أسمى فنون الدراسات الإسلامية وأعلاها شأناً لتعلقه بكتاب الله العزيز، ويبرهن انتشاره في أي قطر من الأقطار على تمكن الإسلام ورسوخ أقدامه فيه، لأنه لا يتصور الخوض فيه إلا بعد حفظ القرآن الكريم كاملاً وإلمام بكثير من أبواب الدراسات العربية، ومنذ أوائل القرن العشرين الميلادي بدأت جهود العلماء النيجيريين في علم القراءات تظهر في غرب إفريقيا وبلاد السودان العربي، وقد تواصلت هذه الجهود وازدهرت وخاصة في مطلع الثمانبنيات في فترة صحوة علم التجويد وظهور المسابقات القرآنية في هذه البلاد وما واكب ذلك من البعثات العلمية إلى البلاد العربية للتخصص في علم القراءات، وقد اشتد الآن ساعد نيجيريا في مجال القرآن وعلومه وأصبحت في صف كبرى دول العالم الإسلامي في هذا الشأو مثل مصر والسعودية. يسعى هذا البحث إلى تأكيد وجود علم القراءات وانتشاره في نيجيريا مقدماً تعريفاً موجزاً عنها نشأة هذا العلم فيها، ويختتم بتقديم نتائج من أبرزها: أن العلماء النيجيريون ساهموا بمؤلفاتهم في تطور علم القراءات بصفة خاصة في غرب إفريقيا وفي العالم الإسلامي بصفة عامة، وأيضاً أن تطور علم القراءات في نيجيريا مر بمراحل عديدة قبل أن يصل إلى مرحلة التطور والازدهار. الكلمات المفتاحية: نيجيريا، علم القراءات، التطور التاريخ